A prepositional phrase ("of the data," "in the room," "for the meeting") is a completely normal part of English, but chaining several of them in a row — usually a string of "of" phrases — turns a sentence into something the reader has to untangle piece by piece.
Each prepositional phrase in a chain modifies the noun before it, so the reader has to hold each layer in mind while working through to the next one. Two or three layers deep is fine. Four or five, and the reader has effectively lost track of what's modifying what by the time they reach the end.
Not every sentence with multiple prepositions is a problem — this only matters when the phrases are chained directly onto each other, each one modifying the previous one, rather than serving different, independent parts of the sentence. "I met her at the office on Tuesday for lunch" has three prepositional phrases but each one attaches to the main verb independently, so it reads easily.
Count how many "of," "in," "for," "with," or "by" phrases appear in a row, each modifying the one before it. Three or more in a chain is usually worth rewriting.
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